An LH-RH (GnRH) analog, leuprolide may be used in the treatment of hormone-responsive cancers such as prostate cancer or breast cancer, estrogen-dependent conditions (such as endometriosis^[1] or uterine fibroids), to treat precocious puberty,^[2] and to control ovarian stimulation in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). It is considered a possible treatment for paraphilias.^[3]

Leuprolide has been tested as a treatment for reducing sexual urges in pedophiles and other cases of paraphilia.^[4][5] High doses are sometimes used to chemically castrate sex offenders.^[6]

Leuprolide is also under investigation for possible use in the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.^[7]

Leuprolide is also used to treat chronic adrenal disease in ferrets.^{[citation needed]} It also used for treatment of steroid abuse.^{[citation needed]}

Leuprolide, along with triptorelin and goserelin, are often used to delay puberty in transgender youth until they are old enough to begin hormone replacement therapy.^[8] They are also sometimes used as superior alternatives to anti-androgens like spironolactone and cyproterone for suppressing testosterone production in trans women.